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HCVA0-003模擬問題集、HCVA0-003ソフトウエア
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HashiCorp HCVA0-003 認定試験の出題範囲:
トピック
出題範囲
トピック 1
- Vault Policies: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Security Architects and covers the role of policies in Vault. Candidates will understand the importance of policies, including defining path-based policies and capabilities that control access. The section explains how to configure and apply policies using Vault’s CLI and UI, ensuring the implementation of secure access controls that align with organizational needs.
トピック 2
- Vault Leases: This section of the exam measures the skills of DevOps Engineers and covers the lease mechanism in Vault. Candidates will understand the purpose of lease IDs, renewal strategies, and how to revoke leases effectively. This section is crucial for managing dynamic secrets efficiently, ensuring that temporary credentials are appropriately handled within secure environments.
トピック 3
- Secrets Engines: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Engineers and covers different types of secret engines in Vault. Candidates will learn to choose an appropriate secrets engine based on the use case, differentiate between static and dynamic secrets, and explore the use of transit secrets for encryption. The section also introduces response wrapping and the importance of short-lived secrets for enhancing security. Hands-on tasks include enabling and accessing secrets engines using the CLI, API, and UI.
トピック 4
- Vault Architecture Fundamentals: This section of the exam measures the skills of Site Reliability Engineers and provides an overview of Vault's core encryption and security mechanisms. It covers how Vault encrypts data, the sealing and unsealing process, and configuring environment variables for managing Vault deployments efficiently. Understanding these concepts is essential for maintaining a secure Vault environment.
トピック 5
- Encryption as a Service: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cryptography Specialists and focuses on Vault’s encryption capabilities. Candidates will learn how to encrypt and decrypt secrets using the transit secrets engine, as well as perform encryption key rotation. These concepts ensure secure data transmission and storage, protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.
HCVA0-003ソフトウエア & HCVA0-003復習対策書
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HashiCorp Certified: Vault Associate (003)Exam 認定 HCVA0-003 試験問題 (Q140-Q145):
質問 # 140
You have multiple Vault clusters in your environment, one for test and one for production. You have the CLI installed on your local machine and need to target the production cluster to make configuration changes. What environment variable can you set to target the production cluster?
- A. VAULT_CLUSTER_ADDR
- B. VAULT_CAPATH
- C. VAULT_REDIRECT_ADDR
- D. VAULT_ADDR
正解:D
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The VAULT_ADDR variable specifies the target Vault server. The Vault documentation states:
"VAULT_ADDR is the environment variable that is used to specify the address of the Vault server expressed as a URL and port, for example: https://vault.bryankrausen.com:8200/. You can easily modify the value of the environment variable whenever you want to target a different Vault node/cluster."
-Vault Environment Variables
* C: Correct. Sets the production cluster address:
"Setting the VAULT_ADDR environment variable allows you to specify the address of the Vault server you want to target."
-Vault Environment Variables
* A,B,D: Incorrect; unrelated to CLI targeting.
References:
Vault Environment Variables
質問 # 141
Which of the following describes usage of an identity group?
- A. Limit the policies that would otherwise apply to an entity in the group
- B. Audit token usage
- C. When they want to revoke the credentials for a whole set of entities simultaneously
- D. Consistently apply the same set of policies to a collection of entities
正解:D
解説:
An identity group is a collection of entities that share some common attributes. An identity group can have one or more policies attached to it, which are inherited by all the members of the group. An identity group can also have subgroups, which can further refine the policies and attributes for a subset of entities.
One of the use cases of an identity group is to consistently apply the same set of policies to a collection of entities. For example, an organization may have different teams or departments, such as engineering, sales, or marketing. Each team may have its own identity group, with policies that grant access to the secrets and resources that are relevant to their work. By creating an identity group for each team, the organization can ensure that the entities belonging to each team have the same level of access and permissions, regardless of which authentication method they use to log in to Vault. References: Identity: entities and groups | Vault | HashiCorp Developer, vault_identity_group | Resources | hashicorp/vault | Terraform | Terraform Registry
質問 # 142
You have enabled the Transit secrets engine on your Vault cluster to provide an "encryption as a service" service as your team develops new applications. What is a prime use case for the Transit secrets engine?
- A. Generating dynamic SSH credentials for access to local systems
- B. Storing the encrypted data in Vault for easy retrieval
- C. Encrypting data before being written to an Amazon S3 bucket
- D. Creating X.509 certificates for a new fleet of containers
正解:C
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
The Transit secrets engine provides encryption as a service. The Vault documentation states:
"The Transit secrets engine is used to encrypt data in transit. It does NOT store the data locally. It simply encrypts the data and returns the ciphertext to the requester. A prime use case is encrypting data before being written to an external storage service like Amazon S3."
-Vault Secrets: Transit
* A: Correct. Encrypting data for S3 is a key use case:
"Encrypting data before being written to an Amazon S3 bucket ensures that sensitive data is protected both in transit and at rest."
-Transit Tutorial
* B: Incorrect; Transit doesn't store data long-term.
* C: SSH credentials are handled by the SSH engine.
* D: X.509 certificates are managed by the PKI engine.
References:
Vault Secrets: Transit
Transit Tutorial
質問 # 143
A DevOps engineer has set up LDAP and GitHub auth methods. The engineer must ensure user Sarah, who authenticates via either method, has consistent access permissions. Which approach correctly describes how to achieve this in Vault?
- A. Configure a trust relationship between the LDAP and GitHub providers to ensure Sarah's account is synced
- B. Create an entity for Sarah and map both her LDAP and GitHub identities as entity aliases to this single entity
- C. Create an external group and add the LDAP and GitHub providers as members of the group
- D. Create separate policies for each auth method and manually ensure they remain synchronized
正解:B
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth Explanation:
To ensure consistent access permissions for Sarah across multiple authentication methods (LDAP and GitHub), the correct approach in Vault is tocreate an entity for Sarah and map both her LDAP and GitHub identities as entity aliases to this single entity.
* Entities and Aliases in Vault: Vault's Identity secrets engine allows the creation of entities, which are logical representations of users or machines. Each entity can have multiple aliases, where an alias corresponds to an identity from a specific auth method. By mapping Sarah's LDAP identity (e.g., her LDAP username) and GitHub identity (e.g., her GitHub username) as aliases to a single entity, Vault associates both identities with one set of policies. The documentation states: "Vault clients can be mapped as entities and their corresponding accounts with authentication providers can be mapped as aliases."
* Why This Works: Assigning policies to the entity ensures that Sarah's permissions remainconsistent regardless of whether she logs in via LDAP or GitHub. This centralizes policy management and eliminates discrepancies.
* Incorrect Options:
* B. External Group Approach: Creating an external group and adding LDAP and GitHub providers as members does not inherently synchronize permissions for a single user like Sarah.
External groups are better suited for mapping group memberships from external systems to Vault policies, not individual identity unification.
* C. Separate Policies: Managing separate policies per auth method is error-prone and inefficient.
Manual synchronization risks inconsistencies, undermining security and manageability.
* D. Trust Relationship: Vault does not support configuring trust relationships between auth methods like LDAP and GitHub to sync accounts. This is a misunderstanding of Vault's architecture.
This entity-based approach leverages Vault's identity system to unify Sarah's access, simplifying administration and ensuring consistency.
Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/tutorials/auth-methods/identity
質問 # 144
How long does the Transit secrets engine store the resulting ciphertext by default?
- A. 30 days
- B. 24 hours
- C. Transit does not store data
- D. 32 days
正解:C
解説:
Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:
The Transit secrets engine in Vault is designed for encryption-as-a-service, not data storage. Let's evaluate:
* Option A: 24 hoursTransit doesn't store ciphertext, so no TTL applies. Incorrect.
* Option B: 30 daysNo storage means no 30-day retention. Incorrect.
* Option C: 32 daysThis aligns with token TTLs, not Transit behavior. Incorrect.
* Option D: Transit does not store dataTransit encrypts data and returns the ciphertext to the caller without persisting it in Vault. Correct.
Detailed Mechanics:
When you run vault write transit/encrypt/mykey plaintext=<base64-data>, Vault uses the named key (e.g., mykey) to encrypt the input and returns a response like vault:v1:<ciphertext>. This ciphertext is not stored in Vault's storage backend (e.g., Consul, Raft); it's the client's responsibility to save it (e.g., in a database). This stateless design keeps Vault lightweight and secure, avoiding data retention risks.
Real-World Example:
Encrypt a credit card: vault write transit/encrypt/creditcard plaintext=$(base64 <<< "1234-5678-9012-3456").
Response: ciphertext=vault:v1:<data>. You store this in your app's database; Vault retains nothing.
Overall Explanation from Vault Docs:
"Vault does NOT store any data encrypted via the transit/encrypt endpoint... The ciphertext is returned to the caller for storage elsewhere." Reference:https://developer.hashicorp.com/vault/docs/secrets/transit
質問 # 145
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